Cancer surgery, also known as oncologic surgery, is a cornerstone of cancer treatment and is often employed as the primary treatment modality for solid tumors. The primary goal of cancer surgery is to remove cancerous tissue and achieve complete tumor resection while preserving surrounding healthy tissue and organs to the greatest extent possible. Cancer surgery may be performed alone or in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the type and stage of cancer.

some general symptoms that may indicate the presence of cancer include:

• Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant and unexplained weight loss, often occurring rapidly without changes in diet or exercise habits, can be a sign of various types of cancer, particularly cancers of the pancreas, stomach, esophagus, or lung.
• Pain: Chronic or persistent pain in a specific area of the body that doesn't resolve with usual treatments may be a symptom of cancer. Pain can occur due to the tumor pressing on nearby nerves, organs, or tissues, or it can result from cancer-related complications such as bone metastases.
• Persistent Cough or Hoarseness: A persistent cough, hoarseness, or difficulty swallowing that doesn't improve with time may be symptoms of lung, throat, or esophageal cancer.
• Changes in Appetite or Digestive Problems: Persistent nausea, vomiting, changes in appetite, or difficulty digesting food may be symptoms of various types of cancer, particularly cancers of the digestive system.
• Fatigue: Persistent fatigue or weakness that doesn't improve with rest can be a symptom of many different types of cancer, as well as a side effect of cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Here are some key aspects of cancer surgery:

• Diagnostic Surgery: In some cases, surgery is performed to obtain a tissue sample (biopsy) for pathological analysis to confirm a cancer diagnosis. This may involve excisional biopsy (removal of the entire tumor), incisional biopsy (removal of a portion of the tumor), or needle biopsy techniques.
• Minimally Invasive Surgery: Minimally invasive or laparoscopic techniques are increasingly used in cancer surgery when feasible, offering benefits such as smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, and improved cosmetic outcomes compared to traditional open surgery.
• Robotic Surgery: Robotic-assisted surgery, using systems like the da Vinci Surgical System, allows for enhanced precision, dexterity, and visualization during cancer surgery, particularly for procedures in confined spaces or areas with complex anatomy.
• Debulking Surgery:< In cases where it's not possible to completely remove the tumor due to its size or location, debulking surgery may be performed to remove as much tumor tissue as possible, which can help improve symptoms, enhance the effectiveness of other treatments, and prolong survival.
• Curative Surgery: Curative cancer surgery aims to remove the entire tumor along with surrounding margins of healthy tissue to achieve complete tumor removal (resection) and potentially cure the cancer. This may involve removal of the primary tumor (e.g., breast lumpectomy, prostatectomy, colectomy) and adjacent lymph nodes to prevent the spread of cancer.